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Indian scientists develop new pathway to
attack TB Indian scientists have identified a key element in understanding how the tuberculosis (TB) bacteria survives in the human body - a finding which would help formulate new drugs to combat the disease that causes an estimated two million deaths worldwide each year. Researchers led by Rajesh S Gokhale of the National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, have identified the genes that enable the mycobacterium tuberculosis to acquire the iron it needs to grow and promote the infection of the disease in humans. "The discovery is a pathway to understanding how the mycobacterium survives and will be useful against multi-drug resistant tuberculosis - a form of TB that is resistant to two or more of the primary drugs," Gokhale said. "Iron is essential for the mycobacterium to survive and for its enzymatic action. It takes the iron from the host cell and to get it the mycobacterium develops siderophores - molecules synthesised by it - for its own utility," he said. "The new anti-TB drugs being developed can use this pathway to attack the mycobacterium," Gokhale said. When the mycobacterium infects humans it takes up residence in immune cells called macrophages. To survive in this harsh environment, the mycobacterium, like many other types of bacteria, need iron to carry out life-sustaining functions, such as creating proteins and synthesising nucleotides to form DNA. Gokhale's group identified the location of the genes that help the Mycobacterium gather the iron more efficiently by observing that the expression of the genes increased significantly in response to low iron concentrations. "Now that the major siderophore genes and their functions have been defined, understanding the biosynthetic pathway provides an opportunity to develop small-molecule inhibitors with the potential for developing anti-tuberculosis drugs," said Gokhale. Report dated February 7, 2006 |
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